A typical perfume pump consists of the following components, categorized by functional area:
1. External/User Interaction Components:
Actuator/Spray Head: The part pressed by the user; it typically houses an atomizing nozzle (with a tiny aperture) responsible for breaking the liquid into a fine mist. Materials include plastics (ABS, POM, AS, etc.) or metals (gold-plated, chrome-plated, etc.), with surface finishes such as electroplating, spray coating, or UV coating.
Outer Shell/Decorative Cap: Covers the pump body, serving both protective and decorative purposes. It features diverse materials and manufacturing processes, acting as a key element of brand design.
2. Pump Core/Functional Components:
Pump Chamber/ Cylinder: The core working cavity where a precision piston operates. Materials require high chemical resistance (e.g., PP, PE, PCTG, POM, glass), and the inner wall requires an extremely smooth finish.
Piston: Moves reciprocally within the pump chamber to generate suction and pressure. Usually made of solvent-resistant rubber (e.g., EPDM, FKM/fluoroelastomer) or specialized plastic (e.g., POM), it fits tightly against the chamber wall to form a seal.
Piston Rod/Valve Stem: Connects the actuator to the piston, transmitting the pressing force. It often contains internal liquid channels and valve structures. Materials are typically POM or stainless steel.
Spring: Provides the return force for the actuator and helps reset the piston. The material must be highly corrosion-resistant (usually 302/304 stainless steel); its spring tension directly affects the tactile feel of pressing and the speed of the return action.
Ball Valve/Check Valve:
Inlet Ball Valve: Located at the bottom of the dip tube or pump body; allows liquid to flow from the bottle into the pump chamber while preventing backflow. Usually consists of a glass bead (inert) or a solvent-resistant plastic bead (e.g., PP) working in conjunction with a valve seat.
Outlet Ball Valve/Sealing Bead (present in some designs): Located within the piston or valve stem; seals the outlet channel when not being pressed to prevent air ingress and perfume evaporation. It opens during actuation to allow liquid flow.
Valve Seat: Works with the ball valve to form a sealing surface. The material must be corrosion-resistant and possess moderate hardness (e.g., POM).
Dip tube: Extends to the bottom of the bottle to channel liquid into the pump chamber. Typically made of PP or PE. The length must match the bottle dimensions; the bottom end is often cut at an angle or notched to facilitate liquid intake.
3. Fixing and sealing components:
Gasket/Sealing ring: Positioned between the pump body and the bottle opening to ensure a tight seal and prevent leakage or evaporation. Typically made of EPDM or FKM (fluoroelastomer), requiring high resilience and low permanent compression set.
Locking cap/Retaining ring: Usually made of aluminum or plastic; mechanically secures the pump body to the bottle opening (via screwing or crimping) and compresses the sealing gasket.